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Austenitic Stainless Steels

Mechanical Properties and Specifications

Table 4.4 summarizes the ASTM minimum room temperature annealed mechanical property requirements for each grade for wrought product specifications.


For most grades the minimum yield strength is 30 ksi (205 MPa). Exceptions are S30403 (type 304L) and S31603 (type 316L) with 25 ksi (170 MPa) minimum yield strength because of their lower carbon content. Grades such as S30451 (type 304N) and S31726 (317LMN), have a small nitrogen addition which raises the yield strength to 35 ksi (240 MPa), and the high nitrogen grades which have substantially higher strength.


Minimum tensile strength values generally follow the yield strength values.


The ASTM specifications list minimum properties for annealed material. However, because of their high work hardening rates, the austenitic grades, as-delivered, may have much higher yield strength as a result of:


  • mill straightening and flattening operations,
  • intentional mill processing to produce higher mechanical properties by cold working, and
  • cold fabrication operations by the end user.

Many of the austenitic stainless steels are included in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for high temperature service. This code provides for maximum allowable design stresses based on either short-term tensile properties at lower temperatures, or on creep properties at higher temperatures.


The maximum design stress values as a function of temperature for wrought plate and castings, as they appear in various sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, are given in Table 4.5.


It should be noted that other product forms may have slightly different design stress values, and product forms containing a weldment generally carry a stress value reduced by a multiplying factor of 0.85. For more details on this subject, see the CASTI Guidebooks to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Volumes 1 to 4, published by CASTI Publishing.


Table 4.4  ASTM Mechanical Properties (A 240, A 276, A 479, A 493, A 582)


 

UNS No.

Alloy

Condition

Tensile Strength, min.

Yield Strength, min.

 

Hardness, max.

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

% Elongation

HB

HRB

S20100

201

Annealed

95

655

38

260

40.0

---

95

S20200

202

Annealed

90

620

38

260

40.0

241

---

S20400

Nitronic 30

Annealed

95

655

48

330

35.0

241

100

S30100

301

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S30200

302

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

201

92

S30430

302HQ

Annealed

88

605

---

---

---

---

---

S30400

304

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

201

92

S30403

304L

Annealed

70

485

25

170

40.0

201

92

S30451

304N

Annealed

80

550

35

240

30.0

201

92

S30500

305

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

183

88

S31600

316

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S31603

316L

Annealed

70

485

25

170

40.0

217

95

S31703

317L

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S31726

317LMN

Annealed

80

550

35

240

40.0

223

96

S21800

Nitronic 60

Annealed

95

655

50

345

35.0

241

---

S20161

Gall-Tough

Annealed

125

860

50

345

40.0

255

---

S30300

303

Annealed

---

---

---

---

---

262

---

S30323

303Se

Annealed

---

---

---

---

---

262

---

S30409

304H

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

201

92

S32100

321

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S34700

347

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

201

92

S31609

316H

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S30815

253MA

Annealed

87

600

45

310

40.0

217

95

S30900

309

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S30908

309S

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95


S30909

309H

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S31000

310

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S31008

310S

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95

S31009

310H

Annealed

75

515

30

205

40.0

217

95


Table 4.5  Maximum Allowable Stress Values (ksi), Plate as a Function of Temperature (°F)


ASME Section I; Section III, Class 2 and 3; Section VIII, Division 1

UNS No.

Alloy

-20 to 100

200

300

400

500

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

S20100

201-1

25.3

19.3

16.6

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S20400

Nitronic 30

27.1

23.6

20.3

17.9

16.5

15.8

15.6

15.5

15.3

15.1

14.8

14.3

---

S30400

304

20.0

16.7

15.0

13.8

12.9

12.3

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.2

11.0

10.8

10.6

J92600

CF-8

20.0

16.7

15.0

13.8

12.9

12.3

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.2

11.0

10.8

10.6

S30403

304L

16.7

14.3

12.8

11.7

10.9

10.4

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.7

---

---

---

J92500

CF-3

20.0

16.7

15.0

13.8

12.9

12.3

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.2

---

---

---

S30451

304N

22.9

19.1

16.7

15.1

14.0

13.3

13.0

12.8

12.5

12.3

12.1

11.8

11.6

S31600

316

20.0

17.3

15.6

14.3

13.3

12.6

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.8

11.6

11.5

11.4

J92900

CF-8M

20.0

17.2

15.5

14.2

13.3

12.6

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.7

11.6

11.5

11.4

S31603

316L

16.7

14.2

12.7

11.7

10.9

10.4

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.6

9.4

---

---

J92800

CF-3M

20.0

17.2

15.5

14.2

13.3

12.6

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.7

11.6

---

---

S31703

317L

20.0

17.0

15.2

14.0

13.1

12.5

12.2

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.3

---

---

S30409

304H

20.0

16.7

15.0

13.8

12.9

12.3

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.2

11.0

10.8

10.6

S32100

321

20.0

18.0

16.5

15.3

14.3

13.5

13.2

13.0

12.7

12.6

12.4

12.3

12.1

S34700

347

20.0

18.4

17.1

16.0

15.0

14.3

14.0

13.8

13.7

13.6

13.5

13.4

13.4

S31609

316H

20.0

17.3

15.6

14.3

13.3

12.6

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.8

11.6

11.5

11.4

S30815

253MA

24.9

24.7

22.0

19.9

18.5

17.7

17.4

17.2

17.0

16.8

16.6

16.4

16.2

S30908

309S

20.0

17.5

16.1

15.1

14.4

13.9

13.7

13.5

13.3

13.1

12.9

12.7

12.5

S30909

309H

20.0

17.5

16.1

15.1

14.4

13.9

13.7

13.5

13.3

13.1

12.9

12.7

12.5

S31008

310S

20.0

17.6

16.1

15.1

14.3

13.7

13.5

13.3

13.1

12.9

12.7

12.5

12.3

S31009

310H

20.0

17.6

16.1

15.1

14.3

13.7

13.5

13.3

13.1

12.9

12.7

12.5

12.3


Table 4.5  Maximum Allowable Stress Values (ksi), Plate as a Function of Temperature (°F) (continued)


ASME Section I; Section III, Class 2 and 3; Section VIII, Division 1

UNS No.

Alloy

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

S20100

201

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S20400

Nitronic30

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S30400

304

10.4

10.1

9.8

7.7

6.1

4.7

3.7

2.9

2.3

1.8

1.4

---

---

---

---

J92600

CF-8

10.4

9.5

7.5

6.0

4.8

3.9

3.3

2.7

2.3

2.0

1.7

---

---

---

---

S30403

304L

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

J92500

CF-3

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S30451

304N

11.3

11.0

9.8

7.7

6.1

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S31600

316

11.3

11.2

11.1

9.8

7.4

5.5

4.1

3.1

2.3

1.7

1.3

---

---

---

---

J92900

CF-8M

11.3

11.2

8.9

6.9

5.4

4.3

3.4

2.8

2.3

1.9

1.6

---

---

---

---

S31603

316L

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

J92800

CF-3M

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S31703

317L

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

S30409

304H

10.4

10.1

9.8

7.7

6.1

4.7

3.7

2.9

2.3

1.8

1.4

---

---

---

---

S32100

321

12.0

9.6

6.9

5.0

3.6

2.6

1.7

1.1

0.80

0.50

0.30

---

---

---

---

S34700

347

13.4

12.1

9.1

6.1

4.4

3.3

2.2

1.5

1.2

0.90

0.80

---

---

---

---

S31609

316H

11.3

11.2

11.1

9.8

7.4

5.5

4.1

3.1

2.3

1.7

1.3

---

---

---

---

S30815

253MA

14.9

11.6

9.0

6.9

5.2

4.0

3.1

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.0

0.86

0.71

---

S30908

309S

9.9

7.1

5.0

3.6

2.5

1.5

0.80

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

---

---

---

---

S30909

309H

12.3

10.3

7.6

5.5

4.0

3.0

2.2

1.7

1.3

1.0

0.75

---

---

---

---

S31008

310S

9.9

7.1

5.0

3.6

2.5

1.5

0.80

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

---

---

---

---

S31009

310H

12.1

10.3

7.6

5.5

4.0

3.0

2.2

1.7

1.3

0.97

0.75

---

---

---

---



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